The cheat sheet

Reference

The numbers you'd otherwise re-Google, and the people you'd otherwise re-find.

Quick-calc constants

Animal Unit (AU)
1,000 lb cow w/ calf
Cow / day forage
≈ 26 lb dry matter
Cow / day hay
≈ 30 lb (winter)
Round bale
≈ 1,000–1,200 lb
Stocking rate (target)
1 AU / 10–25 ac (varies)
Bull : cow ratio
1 : 15–25
Gestation
283 days
Breeding season
60–90 days typical
Calf wean age
6–8 months
Acres of pasture / lb gain
Highly variable — log yours

Body Condition Score (BCS)

A 1–9 visual scale. Most cow-calf operations target 5–6 at calving.

1
Emaciated
Bones obvious, no fat cover. Emergency.
3
Thin
Ribs visible. Needs nutrition.
5
Moderate
Smooth appearance. Target for many ops.
6
Good
Ideal at calving for fall-born herds.
7
Fleshy
Fat cover prominent. Watch breeding.
9
Obese
Extreme. Health risk.

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